Height to 100 ft. Leaves 1 - 5 in; with soft hairs as the buds open in May; bud scales very long, and partially sheathing the new shoot for several weeks. Fine lines (stipule scars) encircle twigs where leaves attach; stipules are seen in spring. Bark gray, thin, tight, smooth. Fruits are triangular nuts in a spiny shell (September - October). Beeches are stressed by beech bark disease, which is caused by the fungus Nectria coccinea var. faginata, and transmitted by a woolly beech scale insect Cryptococcus fagisuga, which leaves tiny cottony masses on the bark. In wet springs (e.g. 2003), twigs may be covered in a soft, black mass known as a sooty mold. The fungus Scorias spongiosa causes a "black soot", and lives on the honeydew secreted by woolly aphids such as Grylloprociphilus imbricator, and does not harm the tree. Roots are parasitized by the flowering plant Epifagus virginiana, which lacks chlorophyll, and derives nutrition by sinking its roots into those of beech. One of the most common trees in the Park.

Height to 15 ft. Leaves 4 - 8 in; with basal stipules, at least on newly-formed shoots. Formerly attaining heights of up to 100 ft, the American Chestnut was a major forest tree in the Eastern United States. Chestnut blight, a fungal disease caused by Cryphonectria parasitica, has reduced the Chestnut to a minor shrub. When stems attain a diameter of several inches, they are killed by the fungus, after which sucker growth may emerge from the root system the next year. Thus, plants observed may be remnants of formerly large (and old) trees. Eventually  trunks and branches will develop the bark cankers caused by the fungus. Common along the lower portion of the Old Bulldozer Road Trail, around the picnic area north of Rt. 118, on the Evergreen Trail, and on the Grand View Trail.

The common name Mountain Holly is sometimes used for Ilex montana; however Mountain-Holly is properly applied to Nemopanthus mucronata, which has not been seen in the Park.

Height to 20 ft. Leaves 2½ - 6 in; often occurring in clusters on the stem. Branches have characteristic spur shoots. Fruits round and small (less than ½ in); green throughout the middle of the summer, gradually becoming conspicuously red by late September. Common throughout the Park.

Height to 20 ft. Leaves 2 - 5 in; with conspicuous black glands on upper leaf surface, along midvein. Fruits are deep purple (August - November). Seen on the Grand View Trail near the Fire Tower. This species is thought to be a hybrid between Red and Black Chokeberries.

Height to 100 ft. Leaves 2 - 6 in; with tiny paired glands near where the petiole meets the leaf blade; undersurface of the midrib with white (young) to brown hairs (mature) near the leaf base. Bark on younger stems is reddish brown with horizontal stripes (lenticels); but on mature trunks the bark is very distinctive, dark gray with rounded scales, reminiscent of overlapping feathers. Flowers white (May - June). Fruits nearly black, abundant on the ground in some years (June - October). One of the most common trees in the Park.

Height to 30 ft, a shrub or small tree. Leaves 2 – 5 in; with tiny paired glands near where the petiole meets the leaf blade; often produced on short spur shoots. Bark reddish brown, somewhat shiny, with horizontal stripes (lenticels). Flowers white, in umbrella-like clusters (March – July). Fruits red (July – September). Associated with disturbance, such as fire or clearing by human activity. Seen along the Grand View Trail, just below the Fire Tower.

Height to 80 ft, sometimes taller. Leaves 5 - 10 in; with heart-shaped bases when young, most with uneven bases when mature; mature leaves difficult to see high on older trees, often only sucker growth is available for close inspection. Small shoots ("suckers") are often seen at the base of older trees. Leaves may have galls caused by the mite Eriophyes tiliae. Common in the Park, especially in the lower portions.